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Формулы времен английского глагола (действительный залог)

Уважаемые посетители сайта englishhobby.ru! На этой странице вы найдете материалы по следующим темам: Глагол в английском языке. Глаголы и глагольные формы. Времена в английском языке. Формулы времен.

Изучаем времена английского глагола

Все временные формы английских глаголов

Итак, закрепляем формы:
1. Заучиваем утвердительные формы (+). Зазубрите приведенный ниже список всех времен английского глагола, их форм и формул. Всегда обращайте внимание в первую очередь на формы глагола с местоимениями he, she, it. Про частицу to забудьте сразу, она нам при изучении временных форм не понадобится. S (Subject) в приведенных ниже формулах обозначает подлежащее в предложении.

+ ФОРМУЛА Present Simple: S+V(Vs, если S=he/she/it)

I laugh

You laugh

We laugh

They laugh

He, She, It laughs

+ ФОРМУЛА Present Continuous: S+am/are/is+V(ing)

I am laughing

You are laughing

We are laughing

They are laughing

He, She, It is laughing

+ ФОРМУЛА Present Perfect: S+have/ has+V(3)

I have laughed

You have laughed

We have laughed

They have laughed

He, She, It has laughed

+ ФОРМУЛА Present Perfect Continuous: S+have/has been+V(ing)

I have been laughing

You have been laughing

We have been laughing

They have been laughing

He, She, It has been laughing

+ ФОРМУЛА Past Simple: S+V(2)

I laughed

You laughed

We laughed

They laughed

He, She, It laughed

+ ФОРМУЛА Past Continuous: S+was/were+V(ing)

I was laughing

You were laughing

We were laughing

They were laughing

He, She, It was laughing

+ ФОРМУЛА Past Perfect: S+had+V(3)

I had laughed

You had laughed

We had laughed

They had laughed

He, She, It had laughed

+ ФОРМУЛА Past Perfect Continuous: S+had been + V(ing)

I had been laughing

You had been laughing

We had been laughing

They had been laughing

He, She, It had been laughing

+ ФОРМУЛА Future Simple: S+will + V

I will laugh

You will laugh

We will laugh

They will laugh

He, She, It will laugh

+ ФОРМУЛА Future Continuous: S+will be+V(ing)

I will be laughing

You will be laughing

We will be laughing

They will be laughing

He, She, It will be laughing

+ ФОРМУЛА: Future Perfect: S+will have+V(3)

I will have laughed

You will have laughed

We will have laughed

They will have laughed

He, She, It will have laughed

+ ФОРМУЛА: Future Perfect Continuous: S+will have been+V(ing)

I will have been laughing

You will have been laughing

We will have been laughing

They will have been laughing

He, She, It will have been laughing

 

2. Заучиваем отрицательные формы (-).

-  ФОРМУЛА Present Simple: S+don’t (doesn’t, если S = he/ she/ it) + V

I don’t laugh

You don’t laugh

We don’t laugh

They don’t laugh

He, She, It doesn’t laugh

-  ФОРМУЛА Present Continuous: S+am not/ aren’t/ isn’t + V(ing)

I am not  laughing

You aren’t  laughing

We aren’t laughing

They aren’t laughing

He, She, It isn’t laughing

-  ФОРМУЛА Present Perfect: S+haven’t/ hasn’t + V(3)

I haven’t laughed

You haven’t laughed

We have laughed

They haven’t laughed

He, She, It hasn’t laughed

-  ФОРМУЛА Present Perfect Continuous: S+haven’t/hasn’t been + V(ing)

I haven’t been laughing

You haven’t been laughing

We haven’t been laughing

They haven’t been laughing

He, She, It hasn’t been laughing

-  ФОРМУЛА Past Simple: S+didn’t + V

I didn’t laugh

You didn’t laugh

We didn’t laugh

They didn’t laugh

He, She, It didn’t laugh

-  ФОРМУЛА Past Continuous: S+wasn’t/weren’t + V(ing)

I wasn’t laughing

You weren’t laughing

We weren’t laughing

They weren’t laughing

He, She, It wasn’t laughing

-  ФОРМУЛА Past Perfect: S+hadn’t + V(3)

I hadn’t laughed

You hadn’t laughed

We hadn’t laughed

They hadn’t laughed

He, She, It hadn’t laughed

-  ФОРМУЛА Past Perfect Continuous: S+hadn’t been + V(ing)

I hadn’t been laughing

You hadn’t been laughing

We hadn’t been laughing

They hadn’t been laughing

He, She, It hadn’t been laughing

-  ФОРМУЛА Future Simple: S+won’t + V

I won’t laugh

You won’t laugh

We won’t laugh

They won’t laugh

He, She, It won’t laugh

-  ФОРМУЛА Future Continuous: S+won’t be + V(ing)

I won’t be laughing

You won’t be laughing

We won’t be laughing

They won’t be laughing

He, She, It won’t be laughing

-  ФОРМУЛА: Future Perfect: S+won’t have + V(3)

I won’t have laughed

You won’t have laughed

We won’t have laughed

They won’t have laughed

He, She, It won’t have laughed

-  ФОРМУЛА: Future Perfect Continuous: S+won’t have been + V(ing)

I won’t have been laughing

You won’t have been laughing

We won’t have been laughing

They won’t have been laughing

He, She, It won’t have been laughing

 

  Выучили? Переходим к следующему пункту.  

3. Заучиваем вопросительные формы (?). В (+) и (-) формулах подлежащее не нарушало структуры глагольной формы, а предшествовало ей. В (?) формулах подлежащее «внедряется» в их структуру.

? ФОРМУЛА Present Simple: Do (does, если S = he/ she/ it) + S + V

Do I   laugh

Do you laugh

Do we laugh

Do they laugh

Does he/she/it laugh

? ФОРМУЛА Present Continuous: am/ are/ is + S + V(ing)

Am I  laughing

Are you laughing

Are we   laughing

Are they laughing

Is he/she/ it laughing

? ФОРМУЛА Present Perfect: Have/Has + S + V(3)

Have I   laughed

Have you laughed

Have We laughed

Have they laughed

Has he, she, it laughed

? ФОРМУЛА Present Perfect Continuous: Have/Has+S+been+V(ing)

Have I  been laughing

Have you been laughing

Have we been laughing

Have they been laughing

Has he/she/it been laughing

? ФОРМУЛА Past Simple: Did+S+V

Did I laugh

Did you laugh

Did we laugh

Did they laugh

Did he/she/it laugh

? ФОРМУЛА Past Continuous: Was/Were+S+V(ing)

Was I laughing

Were you laughing

Were we laughing

Were they laughing

Was he/she/it  laughing

? ФОРМУЛА Past Perfect: Had+S+V(3)

Had I laughed

Had you laughed

Had we laughed

Had they laughed

Had he/she/it laughed

? ФОРМУЛА Past Perfect Continuous: Had+S+been+V(ing)

Had I been laughing

Had you been laughing

Had we been laughing

Had they been laughing

Had he/she/it   been laughing

? ФОРМУЛА Future Simple: Will+ S+V

Will I laugh

Will you laugh

Will we laugh

Will they laugh

Will he/she/it laugh

? ФОРМУЛА Future Continuous: Will+S+be+V(ing)

Will I  be laughing

Will you be laughing

Will we  be laughing

Will they be laughing

Will he/she/it  be laughing

?  ФОРМУЛА: Future Perfect: Will+S+have+V(3)

Will I  have laughed

Will you have laughed

Will we have laughed

Will they have laughed

Will he/she/it have laughed

? ФОРМУЛА: Future Perfect Continuous: Will+S+have+been+V(ing)

Will I  have been laughing

Will you have been laughing

Will we have been laughing

Will they have been laughing

Will he/she/it have been laughing

 

Запомнили все вышеперечисленные утвердительные, вопросительные и отрицательные формулы времён? Это была половина всех форм английского глагола – в действительном залоге, т. е. когда подлежащее является исполнителем действия. А есть ещё случаи, когда подлежащее (S) не является исполнителем действия, выраженного глаголом, например, в английской версии предложения «Над ними смеются» слово «ними (=они)» остаётся подлежащим  (S), но формула действительного залога  в этом случае нам не подходит, ведь «они» не сами «смеются», значит, нужны формулы страдательного залога. Их нужно запоминать отдельно.

Формулы времён английского глагола в страдательном залоге

Употребление английских времён

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